What Are the Risk Factors for AMD?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic eye condition caused by a combination of multiple risk factors. Some of these factors cannot be changed, while others can be managed through lifestyle choices.

1. Age

Age is the strongest risk factor for AMD. The condition typically affects people over the age of 50, with risk increasing as we get older.

2. Genetics and Family History

Individuals with a family history of AMD have a higher likelihood of developing the condition. Certain genetic variations are known to contribute to AMD.

3. Smoking

Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors for AMD. Smokers are more likely to develop AMD and experience faster disease progression.

4. Diet and Nutrition

A diet low in antioxidants and high in saturated fats may increase AMD risk. Leafy green vegetables, fish, and omega-3 fatty acids may help protect eye health.

5. Sunlight and UV Exposure

Long-term exposure to sunlight without eye protection may negatively affect retinal health.

6. Cardiovascular Conditions

High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and vascular diseases are associated with AMD.

7. Obesity and Physical Inactivity

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk and progression of AMD.

What Should You Do If You Are at Risk?

If you have one or more risk factors, regular eye exams, healthy nutrition, avoiding smoking, and monitoring vision at home using the Amsler Grid are highly recommended.